Substantiation and Analysis of Vertical Shaft Rotary Tillers for PreSowing Soil Preparation

The improvement of pre-sowing soil preparation technologies remains one of the important directions in agricultural engineering. In recent years, special attention has been paid to vertical shaft rotary tillers due to their ability to simultaneously perform soil loosening, crushing, leveling, and compaction operations. However, existing rotary tillers are characterized by high energy consumption, excessive metal intensity, and insufficient adaptability to local soil and climatic conditions. This study presents an analytical review of existing vertical axis rotary tillers developed in Germany, Turkey, China, Russia, and other countries, as well as patent solutions related to the optimization of rotary working bodies. The technological and constructive parameters of rotary tillers, including rotor rotational speed, blade geometry, and working depth, were comparatively analyzed. The influence of blade installation angle and kinematic parameters on soil crushing quality and energy consumption was evaluated. The analysis showed that most existing machines process the entire field width, which increases fuel consumption and may negatively affect soil structure and moisture conservation. Based on the conducted analysis, the necessity of developing a resource-saving vertical shaft rotary tiller capable of localized soil treatment in the seed placement zone was substantiated. The obtained results can be used for the development of energy-efficient combined tillage and sowing machines adapted to local agricultural conditions [1]